There are two main types of hypogonadism, and understanding the difference is key to proper treatment.

1. Primary Hypogonadism (Testicular or Ovarian Failure)

This type occurs when the gonads themselves are not functioning properly.

Causes may include:
Genetic conditions (e.g., Klinefelter or Turner syndrome)
Chemotherapy or radiation
Infections such as mumps
Autoimmune diseases
Trauma or surgery to the gonads

2. Secondary Hypogonadism (Hypothalamic or Pituitary Dysfunction)

This form is due to issues with the brain signals that tell the gonads to produce hormones. It’s related to the hypothalamus or pituitary gland.

Causes may include:
Pituitary tumors
Chronic illnesses (e.g., HIV, kidney disease)
Obesity
Stress or eating disorders
Certain medications, including opioids and steroids